Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. Here are some key points to know:
Types of Diabetes
- Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.
- Type 2 Diabetes: The most common form of diabetes, accounting for about 90% of all cases. It’s characterized by insulin resistance, where the body doesn’t use insulin effectively, and impaired insulin secretion.
- Gestational Diabetes: Develops during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester, due to hormonal changes and insulin resistance.
- LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults): A form of type 1 diabetes that develops in adults, often after the age of 30.
- MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young): A rare, genetic form of diabetes that typically develops in young adulthood.
Symptoms
- Increased thirst and urination
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow healing of cuts and wounds
- Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
- Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
Risk Factors
- Family history
- Age (risk increases after 45)
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Ethnicity (certain groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and American Indians, are at higher risk)
- History of gestational diabetes or delivering a baby over 9 pounds
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
Complications
- Heart disease and stroke
- Kidney damage (nephropathy)
- Nerve damage (neuropathy)
- Blindness (retinopathy)
- Foot damage (ulcers, infections, and amputations)
- Cognitive impairment and dementia
Management and Treatment
- Medications (oral or injected) to control blood sugar levels
- Insulin therapy
- Lifestyle changes:
- Healthy eating (balanced diet, portion control)
- Regular physical activity (aerobic exercise, strength training)
- Weight management
- Stress management
- Monitoring blood sugar levels and adjusting treatment as needed
Prevention
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Engage in regular physical activity
- Eat a balanced diet
- Avoid sugary drinks and foods high in added sugars
- Limit saturated and trans fats
- Get enough sleep
- Manage stress
Early detection and treatment can help manage diabetes and prevent complications. If you’re concerned about your risk or are experiencing symptoms, consult with your healthcare provider.
